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API Key Rotation

Secure API key rotation utility for managing external service credentials with automatic rotation schedules and secure storage.

Overview​

graph TB
    subgraph KeyManager["API Key Manager"]
        STORE[Key Store]
        ROTATE[Rotation Logic]
        VALIDATE[Key Validator]
    end
    
    subgraph External["External Services"]
        GEMINI[Google Gemini]
        TAVILY[Tavily Search]
        TICKETMASTER[Ticketmaster]
    end
    
    subgraph Agents
        ECO[EcoTwinAgent]
        GRAPH[GraphInvestigator]
        MAESTRO[TrafficMaestro]
    end
    
    Agents --> STORE
    STORE --> External
    ROTATE --> STORE
    VALIDATE --> STORE

Features​

FeatureDescription
Key RotationScheduled key rotation (weekly/monthly)
Multi-Key SupportPool of keys for load distribution
ValidationTest key validity before use
FallbackAutomatic fallback to backup keys
Rate LimitingTrack usage per key
Audit LoggingLog all key operations

Class Definition​

interface ApiKey {
  id: string;
  value: string;
  service: string;
  createdAt: Date;
  expiresAt: Date;
  usageCount: number;
  lastUsed: Date;
  isActive: boolean;
}

export class ApiKeyRotation {
  private keys: Map<string, ApiKey[]>;
  private currentIndex: Map<string, number>;
  
  // Key Management
  getKey(service: string): string;
  rotateKey(service: string): void;
  addKey(service: string, key: string): void;
  removeKey(service: string, keyId: string): void;
  
  // Validation
  validateKey(service: string, key: string): Promise<boolean>;
  
  // Monitoring
  getUsageStats(service: string): KeyUsageStats;
  checkExpiration(): ExpiredKey[];
}

Configuration​

// config/apiKeys.ts
export const keyConfig = {
  gemini: {
    rotationInterval: 7 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000, // 7 days
    maxUsagePerKey: 10000,
    keys: process.env.GEMINI_API_KEYS?.split(',') || []
  },
  tavily: {
    rotationInterval: 30 * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000, // 30 days
    maxUsagePerKey: 5000,
    keys: process.env.TAVILY_API_KEYS?.split(',') || []
  }
};

Usage Examples​

Get Current API Key​

import { apiKeyRotation } from '../utils/apiKeyRotation';

// Get active key for Gemini
const geminiKey = apiKeyRotation.getKey('gemini');

// Use in agent
const genAI = new GoogleGenerativeAI(geminiKey);

Manual Key Rotation​

// Force rotation (e.g., after rate limit hit)
apiKeyRotation.rotateKey('gemini');

// Get new key
const newKey = apiKeyRotation.getKey('gemini');

Add New Key​

// Add key dynamically
apiKeyRotation.addKey('gemini', 'AIza...');

// Validate before adding
const isValid = await apiKeyRotation.validateKey('gemini', 'AIza...');
if (isValid) {
  apiKeyRotation.addKey('gemini', 'AIza...');
}

Check Expiration​

// Check for expiring keys
const expiringKeys = apiKeyRotation.checkExpiration();

expiringKeys.forEach(key => {
  logger.warn(`Key expiring soon: ${key.service}/${key.id}`);
  // Send notification
});

Rotation Strategy​

flowchart TD
    A[Request API Key] --> B{Current key valid?}
    B -->|Yes| C{Usage limit reached?}
    C -->|No| D[Return current key]
    C -->|Yes| E[Rotate to next key]
    B -->|No| E
    E --> F{More keys available?}
    F -->|Yes| G[Set next key as current]
    F -->|No| H[Error: No valid keys]
    G --> D

Environment Variables​

# .env
# Multiple keys separated by comma
GEMINI_API_KEYS=AIza...,AIza...,AIza...
TAVILY_API_KEYS=tvly...,tvly...
TICKETMASTER_API_KEY=abc123

# Rotation settings
API_KEY_ROTATION_ENABLED=true
API_KEY_ROTATION_INTERVAL=604800000  # 7 days in ms

Key Validation​

async validateKey(service: string, key: string): Promise<boolean> {
  switch (service) {
    case 'gemini':
      try {
        const genAI = new GoogleGenerativeAI(key);
        const model = genAI.getGenerativeModel({ model: 'gemini-pro' });
        await model.generateContent('test');
        return true;
      } catch {
        return false;
      }
      
    case 'tavily':
      try {
        const response = await fetch('https://api.tavily.com/health', {
          headers: { 'X-API-Key': key }
        });
        return response.ok;
      } catch {
        return false;
      }
      
    default:
      return false;
  }
}

Usage Tracking​

interface KeyUsageStats {
  service: string;
  totalKeys: number;
  activeKeys: number;
  totalUsage: number;
  usageByKey: Record<string, number>;
  rotationCount: number;
  lastRotation: Date;
}

// Get stats
const stats = apiKeyRotation.getUsageStats('gemini');
console.log(`Total Gemini usage: ${stats.totalUsage}`);
console.log(`Keys rotated: ${stats.rotationCount} times`);

Security Considerations​

  1. Never commit keys to git - Use environment variables
  2. Encrypt at rest - Store encrypted in production
  3. Audit logging - Log all key operations
  4. Rate limiting - Track usage per key
  5. Expiration alerts - Notify before expiry

References​